ultrastructure of the camel atrial myocytes

The ultrastructure of the cells specialized for contraction in the right and left atrial of adult camels were studied. The atrialmyocytes are small in diameter and have strikingly moderate number of transverse [T] tubules. Coated dense vesicles found associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the level of the Z line are evident in atrialmyocytes. In the virtual presence of T tubules in atrial myocytes, the sarcolemmal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are almost exclusively at the periphery. The interdigitated portions of the intercalated discs oriented oblique to the myofilament axis

Comparative ultrastrucure of ventricular myocytes of dog and camel

The ultrastructure of dog and camel ventricular cardiocytes was compared with respect to the organization of the contractile material, the structure of the organelles and the cell junctions. The morphological changes during prolonged work, the myofilaments were associated in a single coherent bundle extending the fiber cross- section in the camel while in dog changes in the myofibrillar b and ing pattern were observed. The abundant mitochondria confirmed in clefts among the myofilaments often have slender prolongations in the camel possibly related to changes in their number or their distribution as energy source within the contractile mass. In the camel myocyte, the large T tubules that penetrate ventricular myocytes at successive I b and s are arranged in rows and are lined with a layer of protein- polysaccharide. Longitudinal connections between T tubules are common. The simple plexiform sarcoplasmic reticulum is continuous across the Z lines, and no circumferential "Z tubules" were identified. Specialized contacts between the reticulum and the sarcolemma are established on the T tubules and the cell periphery via subsarcolemmal saccules or cisterns. At cell junctions, a gap can be demonstrated between the apposed membranes

Applied anatomical studies on the stifle joint of the one-humped camel [camelus dromedarius]

The stifle joint of the camel consists of the femoropatellar and femortibial joints. The articular surface of the femoropatellar joint showed that the femoral trochlea is somewhat oblique in direction with high lateral ridge. The patella is quadrilateral in shape with an elevated convex distal articular surface and absence of a complementary fibrocartilage. The femoral condyles of the femorotibial joint are oblique with the lateral condyles large than the medial ones. The tibial condyles are separated by the intercondyloid eminence. The medial eminence is higher than the lateral one. The medial meniscus is smaller than the lateral one. The fibrous joint capsule of the stifle joint is thick, the synovial layer of the femoropatellar joint forms large joint sac divided into proximal and distal pouches, the distal one is communicated directly with the femorotibial joint sac cranially. The femorotibial joint sac has two pouches [medial and lateral one] each of which consists of a proximal and a distal part. The patellar ligaments are three in number. The medial one is the strongest and thickest followed by the lateral while medial is the smallest. The medial and lateral ligaments are thin and long strands. The collateral ligaments of the femorotibial joints are well developed on the medial side than the lateral one. The cruciate and meniscus ligaments are also described and only in case of camel the caudal ligament of lateral meniscus seems as if it were an intermeniscus ligament. The site of injection of the stifle joint is also mentioned

Anatomical studies of the foot pad of the camel

Twenty pes [10 right and 10 left] of the one-humped camel collected from Damanhour Slaughterhouse had dissected, and the anatomical parts of the foot pad including the sole, common cavering and the cushion were described. Besides, the very complex topographical position of the cushions and especially the relation of the dorsal surface of the middle cushion was described

Surgical anatomical studies on flexor digital tendons and their sheath of the foot of camel

The study of the digital flexor tendon, and their sheaths of the pes of the camel was carried out on 10 fresh specimens which were dissected after injection their sheaths. Barium sulfate was also injected for X-ray radiograph into tendon sheath of five specimens. The morphological feature and mode of termination of each tendon was recorded. Moreover, the extension of the tendon sheath and the suitable site of its injection was demonstrated

Some morphological features of the tendons and their sheaths of the dorsal aspect of the pew of the camel

The tendons of the dorsal aspect of food of the camel include tendon of the M. tibialis cranialis, M. fifibularis terius, of M. extensor digitorum longus, M. extensor digitorum lateralis and M. extensor digitorum bervis. The morphological feature, course and mode of termination of each of the previous tendons were studied. Also, this study extends to include the extension and relation of the synovial sheath of their tendon, on the flexor aspect of tarsal joint